Early examples of high-quality steel in China can be traced back to the 2nd century BC, with mass production taking off in the 3rd century AD.Ĥth century AD – The Iron Pillar of Delhi, erected in roughly 402 AD, is the oldest surviving example of rust-resistant steel.ġ1th century – Damascus steel was developed in the Middle East in the 11th century, mainly used for manufacturing sword blades. They likely used techniques similar to the Bessemer process, which was only developed and popularised in Europe in the 19th century. Let’s take a look at the timeline of steel production.ġ3th century BC – The earliest evidence of steel production can be traced back to early blacksmiths in the 13th century who discovered that iron become harder, stronger and more durable when carbon was introduced after being left in coal furnaces.Ħth century BC – Wootz steel was born in ancient India and can be traced as far back as the 6th century BC. Craftsmen in southern India used crucibles to smelt wrought iron with charcoal to produce ‘wootz’ steel – a material that is still admired today for its sharp and tough nature, as well as the its most distinguishing feature: swirling patterns caused by bands of clustered Fe3C particles.ģrd century AD – China is commonly credited with being the first mass producers of high-quality steel. But who invented steel?Īlthough it is impossible to pinpoint who invented steel, a look at steel production in history can help give us a snapshot of those responsible for its emergence as one of the most important substances of the modern era.Īlthough the ‘invention’ of steel cannot be attributed to one particular person, by tracing the history of its production back through the ages we are allowed a snapshot of who are commonly associated with its inception and proliferation.
The earliest archeological excavation of early examples are dated around 1800 BC since then it has weathered the ages, weaving its way through the antiquity of the Roman Empire, the Spartans, Chinese dynasties, all way the way to countless modern applications. The history of steel production and implementation can be traced back almost 4,000 years to the start of the iron age.
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